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To celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation (MWF) this year, we're thrilled to introduce "Conservation Jewels"- a series of articles showcasing extraordinary sites in Mauritius that highlight amazingly successful conservation efforts.
Our journey begins with one of the most iconic locations, Ile aux Aigrettes. Located off the south-east coast, this small island has a fascinating ecological history. Although declared a Nature reserve in 1965, Ile aux Aigrettes was overrun by invasive alien plants and animals. However, it has undergone a remarkable transformation into a symbol of conservation success, thanks to the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation’s (MWF) dedicated efforts spanning 40 years.
Ile aux Aigrettes faced severe ecological challenges in the 1900s. There was heavy wood cutting, a limekiln was built on the island to produce lime, and the island was converted to a military base during the Second World War. The island also suffered from the introduction of non-native species such as rats, cats, goats, Asian House-shrews, Indian Wolf-snakes, Agamid Lizards and a host of plants, the worst being false acacia and prune malgache, which devastated the island’s fragile ecosystem. These invaders preyed on native species and out-competed them for resources. There was an urgent need for action to combat biodiversity loss.
Recognizing this, MWF launched an ambitious restoration project in the early 1980s, focusing on four key pillars: eradicating invasive alien species, restoring native vegetation, reintroducing endemic animals and conducting applied research. The first crucial step involved an in-depth study of the ecology of Ile aux Aigrettes, which was closely followed up by a comprehensive programme to remove invasive plants and animals. This herculean task was also associated with protective measures to prevent future invasions, ensuring that all staff and visitors undergo a thorough screening before stepping onto the island.
With invasive animals under control, MWF turned to habitat restoration, replanting native and endemic plants, many of which had disappeared from the island. Endemic plants such as the latanier bleu, palmiste bouteille of Round Island, bois de boeuf, bois de rat, and the island’s own ebony replaced the invasive plants. During the initial period of restoration, more than 300,000 native and endemic plants were planted on Ile aux Aigrettes.
As the habitat was being restored, endemic animals were re-introduced: Pink Pigeon, Mauritius Fody, Mauritius Olive White-eye, Telfair’s Skink, and Gunther’s Gecko. Aldabra Giant Tortoises, native to Seychelles, were also introduced to fulfill the ecological roles once played by the now-extinct Mauritius Giant Tortoises. These tortoises contribute to the island’s ecosystem through grazing and seed dispersal, supporting the regeneration of native vegetation.
Today, Ile aux Aigrettes has been transformed into a vibrant ecosystem. The air is alive with the calls of endemic birds, and the lush native vegetation stands as a testament to the success of restoration efforts. The forest now more closely resembles its state over 400 years ago, serving as a sanctuary for endemic species. Much still remains to be done, for example restoring seabirds, controlling emerging alien species such as Asian House Crows and continuing the rescue of rare plants.
In 1998, MWF began offering guided tours of the island, allowing Mauritians and tourists to experience this unique ecosystem while emphasizing the importance of its preservation. Over the years, the ecotour programme has grown in popularity, attracting thousands of visitors annually and receiving several international accolades, including the 2024 Travelers' Choice Best of the Best Award from Tripadvisor. Education has not been forgotten, and since 2009, the island receives a visit from thousands of school children every year.
If you haven’t yet visited Ile aux Aigrettes, now is time to explore this stunning sanctuary of Mauritian nature and unique wildlife. You can call us at 52589139 or 6312396 to plan your visit today!
